Pile



Dec. 8, 1936. w. AUSTERMUHLE PILE Filed Aug. 7, 1935 av ..U...... v. r;

Patented Dec. 8, 1936 UNITED ,.zsrATEs PILE Wilhelm Austermiilile,I Bremen, Germany, as-

signor to Dortmund-Hoerder....Httenvei'ein Aktcngesellschaft,DortmundyGermany j Application August 7, 1935, Serial No. 35,074 In Germany April 18, 1931 .1o claims. (Circle-.53)j

Pile foundations usually consist of piles made of wood or ferro-concrete.

The various kinds of piles used all exhibit many defects, and diiiiculties are involved with respect to wooden piles for deep foundations, in

procuring such pilesof great length, while such piles are also more expensive; added to which there is the disadvantage with wooden piles that wood can be used only underwater, that is to say only where there is vno possibility of rot` ting. When driving piles through veryhard strata it also often happens that the piles are driven in out of the straight, andwhere the foundations are exceptionally deep wooden piles are out of the question because of their short-V cracks or even breaki while.'being.transported1.

or driven into position.

With both kinds of pile the supporting capacity increases practically proportionately with the ramming depth.

. The present invention has among its objects to avoid the disadvantages mentioned by using iron from which to make the piles.

Iron piles can be procured in any length required for practical work. They can be easily driven in, they do not crack when driven in, and they are the best of all rams for breaking through obstacles; they can be effectively pro- 3 tected against rust, as by the addition of copper,

by the application of paint, and so on.

The multi-point pile according to the invention consists principally of an I or double channel beam with wide flanges. Between the flanges metal plates are so oppositely disposed in pairs that each pair of oppositely disposed plates forms a wedge-shaped point, the angle at the wedge-shaped points being any angle 45 that is suitable. Above the lowest point (driven point with solid centre) further points are disposed at equal or unequal distances apartaccording to the nature of the strata and the kinds of earth through which. the piles are to 50 be drivenin such manner that the Wedgeshaped points are provided with progressively larger widths of head in the upward direction for the reception of earth. The hollow cavities at the wedge-shaped points may be lled with 55 concrete or other suitable material. The outer edges of the oppositely disposed plates of metal areV ilanged to a form ,adapted to the lnatureof the earth, so that they. assist inl taking' the earth` down; The flanges are formed with grooves' so that when the piles enter ground water, vthe water andthe muddy earth can es-l cape upwardly as the pile is driven in.

It will be understood that the wedge-shaped plates lcan be applied to the outside of the anges ofthe beam in a very similar manner, in order thus vto be effective all around the pileQ With a pile ofthe form of construction described there is over a large part o f its length' but little friction to be overcome in driving ,it into the ground at the commencement; the' a, driving of .the pile lthus becomeseasy and rapid, uw and onlyafter the pile. has. filled. the hollowV spaces between the seriesfof. wedge-shaped mtalV plates bytaking down the earth, vand has coin-- pressed the earth, does the earth offer greater p resistanceiwthe earth is then in a state of com- 20 pression, and this compression is increased by the further. driving in of the pile, in A,such manner that. earth rubs against earth, andthe pile in this way reaches a high supporting capacity; for according to the general rules yof physics 2" friction is greatest where like substances rub against each other. The earth placed under compression in the spaces between the wedgeshaped metal plates of the pile must thus be valued on a much higher scale with reference 30 to its supporting capacity.

To increase the supporting capacity in loose or compact ground it is possible to supply to the pile, during driving, iilling material toy assist in the compression of the earth, such as sand, gravel, concrete, cement and the like.

A further advantage of the pile constructed according to the invention is that the pile does not need so thick a layer of earth as compared with a pile of solid cross-section, for passing on its weight to the earth and thus the pile becomes fixed sooner and there is a consequent saving in length of pile. The multi-point pile according to the invention thus has a greater supporting capacity than other piles, where the ramming depth is the same. The pile according to the invention is furthermore much lighter in weight than the ferro-concrete pile.

'I'he pile according to the invention can with great advantage be used for the production of dolphins and the like, apart from foundations where it can be used both as a compression pile and as a tension pile.

By using the iron multi-pile according to the 55 Figure 3 is a. horizontal section on the line 3 3 of Figure 1, viewed in the downward direc# tion,

Figure 4 shows the pile at the beginning of 15 the ramming, only the lowest point (the driven point) offering resistance,

Figure 5 illustrates the pile at an advanced stage in the driving, where .the spaces between the first and second points have filled and the 20 pile commences to become tightly fixed,v

, Figure 6 shows the pile at the completion of the driving operation where all the spaces between thepoint's have lled, and the single points havetaken up the resistance in the ground, and

25;, furthermore earth rubs against earth in the intermediate spaces. L

e Referring to the drawing, a is the driven point with solid centre, b, c, d and e are the points above the driven point a increasing in width in aggthe upward direction, f are the oppositely disposed plates, g are the iianged plates, h is the earth which iills the cavitiesr between the oppositely disposed plates. and i are the grooves in the flanges.

vLA multi-point metal pile formedl from open section rolled metal having wide flanges and comprising Va number of wedge-shaped points distributed in spaced relation along the length of 4g .the pile, the head width of each wedge-shaped l'-p'oint being greater than that of the Wedgeshaped point below it. Y

'2. VA multi-point metal pile according to claim 1, having thewedge-shaped points disposed at Lequal distances apart.

3. A multi-point metal pile according to claim 1, having the wedge-shaped points disposed at unequal distances apart.

4. A multi-point metal pile according to claim 1, wherein the wedge-shaped points of the pile 5 are formed to carry with them from the upper strata into which the pile is driven the earth needed for compressing the sub-soil.

5. A multi-point metal pile according to claim 1, wherein the wedge-shaped points are 'formed 1o in their upper parts with cavities for the reception of suitable filling material for the increase of Vthe supporting capacity of the pile when used in loose or compact earth.

6. A multi-point metal pile according to claim 1, wherein the wedge-shaped points are formed by oppositely disposed plates of metal positioned on oppositely disposed sides of the pile and forming between them an angle which is divided by the web of the pile. v

'7. A multi-point metal pile according to claim 1, wherein the wedge-shaped points arel formed by oppositely disposed plates o1' metal positioned on o ppositely disposed sides. of the pile `and iianged outwardly at the upperv andouter edges. 2.25.;

8. A multi-point metal pile according to claim j. 1, wherein the wedge-shaped points are formed( by oppositely disposed plates of metal positioned on oppositely disposed sides of the piles and flanged outwardly at the upper and outerfedges,

with the exception of the lowermost `driving point. 4

9. A multipoint metal pile according to claim 1, wherein the wedge-shaped points are formedv by oppositely disposed plates of metal positioned 35.5

on oppositely disposed sides of the piles and flanged outwardly at the upper 'and outer edges, the iianged parts of the oppositely disposedfplates being provided with passageways ,for

liquid. c e I 10. A multi-point metal pile according to claim 1, wherein the lowermost point is provided withl a solid centre.

- WILHELM AUSTERMHLE. 

